TwiML verbs

Every TwiML verb with its attributes. All verbs live inside <Response> and execute in order.

<Say>

Speak text to the caller using text-to-speech.

123<Response>
  <Say voice="alice" language="en-NG" loop="1">Welcome to Ruut Voice.</Say>
</Response>

Parameter	Type	Description
`voice` optional	`string`	TTS voice (e.g. `alice`, `man`).
`language` optional	`string`	Language code (e.g. `en-NG`, `en`).
`loop` optional	`integer`	Times to repeat (0 = infinite). Default 1.

SDK: response.say("…", { voice: "alice", language: "en-NG" })

<Play>

Play an audio file. The element content is the audio URL.

123<Response>
  <Play loop="1">https://cdn.example.com/greeting.mp3</Play>
</Response>

Parameter	Type	Description
`loop` optional	`integer`	Times to repeat (0 = infinite). Default 1.

SDK: response.play("https://cdn.example.com/greeting.mp3", { loop: 1 })

<Gather>

Collect DTMF digits (or a spoken keypress) from the caller, then request the action URL with the input.

123456<Response>
  <Gather numDigits="1" action="/twiml/menu" method="POST">
    <Say>Press 1 for sales. Press 2 for support.</Say>
  </Gather>
  <Say>No input received.</Say>
</Response>

Parameter	Type	Description
`action` optional	`string`	URL to request when gathering finishes (with `Digits`).
`method` optional	`string`	HTTP method for `action`: `GET` or `POST`.
`numDigits` optional	`integer`	Number of digits to collect before proceeding.
`finishOnKey` optional	`string`	Digit that ends gathering (e.g. `#`).
`timeout` optional	`integer`	Seconds to wait for input. Default 5.
`actionOnEmptyResult` optional	`boolean`	Request `action` even when no input is received.

SDK: response.gather({ numDigits: 1, action: "/twiml/menu" }, (g) => g.say("Press 1 for sales."))

<Record>

Record the caller's voice — a message, a greeting, or a conversation — and optionally transcribe it.

1234<Response>
  <Say>Please leave a message after the tone.</Say>
  <Record transcribe="true" transcribeCallback="/twiml/transcription" maxLength="120" playBeep="true" />
</Response>

Parameter	Type	Description
`action` optional	`string`	URL to request when recording completes.
`method` optional	`string`	HTTP method for `action`.
`timeout` optional	`integer`	Seconds of silence before finishing. Default 5.
`finishOnKey` optional	`string`	Key that ends the recording.
`maxLength` optional	`integer`	Maximum recording length in seconds. Default 3600.
`playBeep` optional	`boolean`	Play a beep before recording. Default true.
`transcribe` optional	`boolean`	Transcribe the recording after it completes.
`transcribeCallback` optional	`string`	URL to receive the transcription webhook.
`recordingStatusCallback` optional	`string`	URL to receive recording status webhooks.

SDK: response.record({ transcribe: true, transcribeCallback: "/twiml/transcription" })

<Dial>

Transfer the call to a phone number, SIP URI, client, or conference. Nested nouns choose the target.

123<Response>
  <Dial record="record-from-answer-dual" callerId="+2348000000002">+2348000000009</Dial>
</Response>

Parameter	Type	Description
`callerId` optional	`string`	Caller ID presented to the destination.
`record` optional	`string`	Recording mode: `do-not-record`, `record-from-answer`, `record-from-ringing`, `record-from-answer-dual`, `record-from-ringing-dual`.
`recordingTrack` optional	`string`	Track(s) to record: `inbound`, `outbound`, or `both`.
`recordingStatusCallback` optional	`string`	URL for recording status webhooks.
`recordingStatusCallbackMethod` optional	`string`	HTTP method for the callback.
`recordingStatusCallbackEvent` optional	`string`	Events to notify on (e.g. `in-progress completed absent`).
`timeout` optional	`integer`	Seconds to ring before giving up. Default 60.

Nested nouns

<Number> — dial an E.164 number.
<Sip> — dial a SIP URI (e.g. sip:agent-1001@sip.ruut.chat).
<Client> — dial a registered client/softphone identity.
<Conference> — join a conference; see recording for recording conferences.

123456// Conference with recording
new VoiceResponse()
  .dial({ record: "record-from-answer-dual" }, (d) => {
    d.conference("support-room", { startConferenceOnEnter: true, endConferenceOnExit: false });
  })
  .toXml();

<Pause>

Wait for a number of seconds.

1234<Response>
  <Say>Checking your account.</Say>
  <Pause length="2" />
</Response>

Parameter	Type	Description
`length` optional	`integer`	Seconds to pause. Default 1.

<Redirect>

Fetch new TwiML from a URL and continue executing from there.

123<Response>
  <Redirect method="POST">https://app.example.com/twiml/next</Redirect>
</Response>

Parameter	Type	Description
`method` optional	`string`	HTTP method for the URL: `GET` or `POST`.

<Reject>

Reject an incoming call without answering (useful for blocking numbers).

123<Response>
  <Reject reason="busy" />
</Response>

Parameter	Type	Description
`reason` optional	`string`	Rejection reason: `rejected` or `busy`.

<Hangup>

End the call immediately.

1234<Response>
  <Say>Goodbye.</Say>
  <Hangup />
</Response>

<Connect>

Connect the call to a media stream (e.g. for a voice AI agent or live transcription).

12345<Response>
  <Connect>
    <Stream url="wss://app.example.com/audio" />
  </Connect>
</Response>

Parameter	Type	Description
`url` optional	`string`	WebSocket URL to stream audio to (on `<Stream>`).
`name` optional	`string`	Stream name.
`track` optional	`string`	Track(s): `inbound_track`, `outbound_track`, or `both_tracks`.

See the receive calls guide for a full IVR example, and the TwiML overview for structure and content-type notes.